Armour Garments Company (AGC) Essay

I. Central Problem AGC should find ways on how to revitalize the company from its steady slope into worse conditions. The circumstances of AGC tumbling downhill were already stacked against them; they just weren’t aware that their strategy during good market economy would not work well against harsh conditions, such as the competition boom and the fall of the undergarment market during the Seventies, which occurred simultaneously. Their condition became so bad their equity shriveled up to half of what it used to be. II. Statement of Objectives To earn back their customers from the competitors appeal as well as earn new ones To design ways to improve the earnings of the company To broaden the target market To use state-of-the-art equipment III. Areas of Consideration Competition is stiff Selling only to one merchandiser (Divisoria) Limited target audience Was not ready for market instability Dependent on company goodwill Production was not flexible enough to effectively craft high quality items Products were limited (white undershirts) Prices were not favorable to the company IV. Alternative Courses of Action (ACA’s) 1.) Sell some old equipment of the company and buy useful modern equipment. A. Advantages Greater possibility that the company can invest more flexible equipment for improvement of production in company. B. Disadvantages They will find a hard time disposing the old equipment due to its limited functions and the fact that it’s already old. 2.) The selling of goods should not be limited only to one place. A. Advantages Reach out to potential customers who do not frequent to Divisoria. Expand your target market. B. Disadvantages Will costs more expenses towards shipping, delivery and marketing. 3.) Advertise products in media and print. A. Advantages Create demand for their products. Procure product and brand awareness to the public. Name or brand recall. B. Disadvantages Incur expenses in marketing and advertising. 4.) Introduce products designed for women. A. Advantages Wider audience More customers Greater chance for profit B. Disadvantages Additional expenditures for research and design 5.) Give benefits to middlemen (merchandisers). A. Advantages Increase loyalty from merchandiser. Create a rapport between companies. B. Disadvantages Additional costs 6.) Create products that are trending in the market. A. Advantages More sales Larger target market Variety of products to choose from B. Disadvantages Higher cost in production. Higher risk of putting capital to waste. 7.) Retain â€Å"Blossom† in production. A. Advantages Helps the company to gain back profit. Provide lower class citizens with a selection of products. B. Disadvantages Brands Armour & Marca Troca will be further overshadowed. Less profit (same quality but at a lower price). V. Final Decision The final decision is to replace the old notions and infuse the new, while still retaining the quality of the product. Despite the immense hard work put into the company, changes will continue to occur, so a new life for the company would be better suited than if it were to continue its slow downward pace. VI. Detailed Action Plans The first thing that the business needs to do is replace the machines that manufacture their product. The machines are not only inflexible for making garments other than undershirts, but assuming from context; they are old, considering the company up to the liquidation proposition was twenty years old. Although it will need much capital to purchase these machines, in the long haul, it is an investment and it will help them broaden their product lines. A large chunk in the revision of plans situates in the products. In the past AGC, they only produced white undershirts for men. The next step is the development of their product lines. It may start with research on their current and their aspirant customers and products. Expanding the brands include introducing clothing for women, designing high quality and fashionable clothing, and making them in color. The gamble is high because the company has only ever excelled in manufacturing one consistent product, and expanding the product lines need much capital. Another good call for the company is to revive Blossom. That brand, with its good quality yet cheap prices caters to those of lower income levels, which is a potential market to sell to despite numerous competitors in the price war. And although brands Armour and Marca Troca would be overlapped by the potential success of Blossom, through expanding the brands would they be able cater to a different taste and therefore cater to a different audience. This way, the brands under AGC will not be directly competing for customers to buy them. Through good marketing and well maintained production, AGC can achieve high profits from expanding their line. Further action to broaden their target audience would be to advertise AGC. Its namesake and goodwill may definitely draw in crowds, but commercializing it in media and in prints will reach those who have not heard about the company and its brands. This creates demand for the product, and in turn, high sales. An influx of the new is not always a bad thing; it’s how you respond to change that counts. AGC still has some fight left and with the proper strategy and taking the right opportunities, AGC can still be able to bounce back and regain what was lost. Case Analysis 3-2: Armour Garments Company (AGC) The Armour Garments Corp. (AGC) was established in 1954 in the Philippines as a manufacturer of high quality undershirts. It had two popular brands, namely: â€Å"Armour† and â€Å"Marca Troca†. The company started out by copying popular styles and designs from Hongkong. The first ten years was quite profitable. The company grew from 25 workers in 1954 to about 250 workers in 1967. The company sells all of its products to wholesalers in Divisoria who distribute the product all over the country. The products are manufactured in white color only and are generally of superior quality being twice more durable than other brands in the market. Undershirts are worn as a matter of habit to avoid the direct contact of users polo shirts with the body. Product sales are seasonal. Business usually peaks twice a year: in June, with the opening of classes and in December, with the Christmas rush. In the mid 60’s more and more undershirt factories opened. The company faced serious threats in its operation since the Divisoria middlemen were not loyal to brands. All along, AGC was banking on its institutional pride and goodwill being the pioneer in the industry. While sales of the company did not decrease, it also did not substantially increase with the growth of the population. However, this did not bother management since the cash flow was good. No major investments were made during the period. It was business as usual so to speak. In 1971, the market for the undershirt suddenly took a downturn. It was no longer fashionable to wear undershirts. Moreover, more and more marginal factories sprouted up and were willing to compromise on price and payment terms with the middlemen. For the first time in its history, the company was astounded. It introduced a new brand â€Å"Blossom† which was of exactly the same product quality but priced lower to match competing products. It did not take long before â€Å"Blossom† was withdrawn from the market because AGC sold more of â€Å"Blossom† and less of â€Å"Armour† and â€Å"Marca Troca†. Having failed to improve the marketability of its traditional  product lines, the company finally decided to diversify and venture into ready-to-wear business. It introduced a polo shirt line. The market response was not favorable. In 1973, the company added a couple of lines like jeans and printed shirts, these two lines also failed.

Is History True? Essay

Historical theories are just like any theory – are subject to controversy among different populations and groups. Two of the most imminent historians, Oscar Handlin and William McNeil gave interesting viewpoints backed up by strong points. In Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History, Volume II, gave an interesting overview of how these two elite historians are able to state their points so clearly. As highly influenced as their works are which allowed me to see from within their internal â€Å"window;† I find myself agreeing more with Handlin’s perspective. According to Oscar Handlin from Truth in History (1979), gave a startling concept of how historical truth is based on the obvious evidences – those that we can understand and interpret. Handlin gave implicit indications that history does ring truth due to the fact that our current evidence of the past should be based on thoughtful analysis and not just necessary based on numerical or statistical evidence as those obtained by scientific measures. Oscar Handling says that evidence is chronological, evidence is vocabulary, and evidence is context. Fact is something of common ground for all historians despite the difference in their interpretation and that scientific methods must be used to distinguish between fact and opinions. McNeil on the other hand, have a different opinion on this matter. McNeil speculates that historical truth is not influence by the desires or vision of the viewer, but is actually solid scientific evidence itself. McNeil’s essay, â€Å"Truth, Myth, and History†, gave an emphasis on the falsehood of historical truth, and also highlights the idea that it have no â€Å"scientific methodology† behind it, making it nothing but judgments, choices, and interpretive opinions. McNeil believe that all the â€Å"evidence† becomes nothing but a type of collection, almost like in literature for the reader to understand and interpret but does not give a credible â€Å"meaning or intelligibility to the record of the past. † McNeil argues that truth is more likely a myth and distinguished by different groups in different situation at different time. In other words, historical truth is more like the way with which one interprets the material depending on their circumstance and environment. Almost like a self-fulfilled prophecy of the human mind and not actual facts. He further speculates that every culture has its own version of truth; truth about its own culture as well as the â€Å"truth† about other cultures. Truth to one person may not be truth to another. He later concludes that all these outside forces of culture, background, relationships, and society affect the level of truth whether the individual realizes it or not. History tends to be biased based because they heavily relied on what the truth means to each person in a personal manner. McNeil believes that history is a myth and becomes self validating. In my analysis of the work of these two striking viewpoints, I must admit that I agree more with Handling for a variety of factors. McNeil gives implications of his viewpoints on the truth and validity of history and how he feels that scientific evidence must be present for history to be consider a truth. I find this to be a flawed approach because to base every piece of knowledge upon â€Å"scientific evidence† has a bit of hypocritical ring to it. It is also important to point out that current historical findings are not found according to historical viewpoints alone, but is a mixture of scientific technology and many experts from all categorical discipline that weave up our current knowledge of history as well. Just because we can’t prove something doesn’t mean it does not exist unless we can prove that it is indeed nonexistent. I believe that as humans, we all have an original curiosity for what we know now and just because something cannot be measured scientifically does not necessary label it as untrue. For instance, psychology was once considered â€Å"untrue† by scientific standards but have now find its way into the scientific arena. On the other hand, scientific evidence are not always â€Å"true† when new evidence proves that the previous â€Å"truth† is indeed false. This gave me reasons to believe that it is better to take on a flexible approach when it comes to historical evidence. In defense of Handling’s viewpoint, historians also use scientific tools such as DNA replications and half-life techniques to determine the age and location of its artifacts. The truth in History is off course, as important as the truth in any discipline. History is based on facts derived from the past and thus provides a solid foundation on the truth of the information obtained. Historians are able to obtain the historical information from different locations and find sources of evidence or those leading to evidence. The truth in history is thus, built on the foundation of facts and grounded in common knowledge and understanding. History is depended upon to develop a society and used as a tool to correct political mistakes of the past. Historians have the necessary skills and tools to analyze and validate historical events, evidence, and facts – as much as scientists have the skills and advanced technology to analyze scientific evidence. Therefore, Harding’s theory is more accepting and that history is indeed based on the truth and knowledge of historical evidence and the foundation of our diverse understanding and development as a civilized community. Work Cited: Handlin, Oscar. Truth in history. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap P, 1979. Madaras, Larry, and James M. SoRelle. Taking Sides Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in American History, Vol. II. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. Schwandner, Stephanie. Albanian Identities Myth and History. New York: Indiana UP, 2002.

Agriculture and Urbanization

Mark Luccarilli briefly reviewed Bill Wood's Wood Walk posted in the fifth issue of Terrain.org in the autumn of 1999. In his comment it repeatedly states that the idea of ​​Benton MacKaye's original Appalachian Mountains has not yet been implemented and that the MacKaye term itself can be regarded as a failure. Mr. Lukarili acknowledged that he could not lay an intermediate position to integrate agriculture and nature as a whole in the United States, The idea of ​​an idyllic city may treat us as a utopian stupidity in the climax I declared it as 2). . Poverty Alleviation: As we all know, most of the people involved in urban agriculture are urban poor. In developing countries, most urban agricultural production is used for private consumption, and the market sells surplus. According to FAO (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization), poor consumers in urban areas are very vulnerable to rising food prices because they use 60% to 80% of their income f or food. The community center and the garden education community regard agriculture as an integral part of city life. The Florida Sustainable Development Institute in Sarasota, Florida is a public community and education center where innovators with the concept of sustainable energy can run and test them. A community center like the Florida House provides a central place for urban agriculture to understand urban agriculture and start linking agriculture and city lifestyle. Urban agriculture, urban agriculture or urban gardening is a way to cultivate, process and distribute food in urban areas or surrounding areas. Urban agriculture includes animal husbandry, aquaculture, agroforestry, urban beekeeping and horticulture. These activities also occur in the suburbs, but suburban agriculture has different characteristics. Urban agriculture can reflect various degrees of economic and social development. It is a social movement for a sustainable community, organic farmers, food stuff and l ocal people form a social network based on the common nature and the general spirit of the community To do. These networks are developed with formal institutional support and are integrated into local town planning as a transitional town campaign for sustainable urban development. For others, food security, nutrition, income generation is the main motivation for this approach.

Why Do managers plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Why Do managers plan - Research Paper Example Planning is done by all individuals in their personal and profesional lives. If one doesnt plan, then there are high chances that things may move in a haphazard way. A project has several stages of planning which contributes overall importance towards the organization. Managers concentrate on the time spent on conducting effective planning that can be a source to save time and income. This practice is helpful in preventing problems that can potentially happen ("A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge",  2013). Who is a Manager? A manager’s responsibility is to direct the work of groups or individuals in order to combine their efforts in order to achieve necessary objectives. A manager can disseminate the work through direct or indirect passage of workers or subordinates. Work needs to be delegated to the subordinates according to the level of exeprtise of each subordinate. The manager should be well aware of the employee's ability for proper delegation of tasks. The manager needs to be familiar with the supervising abilities and should have the potential to coordinate the work process while taking corrective measures for the benefit of the company. A manager doesn't need to be a perfect human being who is ideal in all the skills, but he needs to perform efficiently enough to complete projects successfully (A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge,  2013). The manager needs to be well aware of the mission and vision statement of the organization and accordingly it is the manager's duty to ensure that all the subordinates are clear on the mission and vision and also are clear on the path to be taken to achieve the mission. Hence, managers are in a better position to plan the path and ensure that all the employees follow the planned path to achieve the goals and objectives for the firm. With a proper planning and execution phase, the organization is able to prosper towards success and profitability. A well set out plab allows the employees to constantly review the milestones achieved and the elements that still remain to be achieved. Tasks this way tend to work out in a smooth and consitent flow. A manager has to perform various functions and roles depending upon the context he/she is working. For instance, an accounting manager directs the accounts function and coordinates smooth communication. Similarly , a manager working in the Design Engineering department needs to support his staff to perform the necessary roles to achieve the best design and engineering of the product (Belker,  2012). A marketing manager may have to plan out the goals and objectives of the marketing department and accordingly devise the appropriate marketing strategies to achieve the set goals and objective. Each functional manager may have to plan out the work process so that things work smoothly and in the right direction. All the functional managers may have to sit in a meeting and discuss on the larger perspective, and this way with proper cooperation and coordination the firm is able to achieve the desired level of success. There are so many ways that proves planning to be a crucial and effective element towards the success of any organization. A manager should not conduct the planning on his own, but he must make sure that all the concerned employees and staff is involved so that better decisions can be made. In this way many new ideas can be achieved which will be an asset for the manager to ponder and take decisions accordingly. However, without a successful execution of the decision and without considering all the important potential risks towards planning, it can create serious issue and

Media Market Report of UK media outlet based on Mediatel Essay

Media Market Report of UK media outlet based on Mediatel - Essay Example Undoubtedly, the term ‘mass media’ is deceivingly a very simple term; however, it incorporates a wide variety of different institutions, which opposes each other in diverse scopes, techniques, and cultural frameworks. The purpose of these media institutions is same to provide information and entertainment to the general masses. The U.K. is among the frontline of these media institutions and shares a wide number of these media institutions with the viewers, both nationally and internationally. Being one of the most prominent and famous channel worldwide and obviously the U.K., the British Broadcasting Corporation has been able to cater the needs of the audience in the most effective and efficient manner. The purpose of this media report is to study, investigate, and discuss the subsidiary channel of the BBC, i.e. BBC One in reference to its performance, its audience and the revenues it has been able to generate. Moreover, the report will also highlight the past and future drifts, which the channel had observed and will probably witness in the future. When someone types this interesting three letters i.e. BBC on Google, you will be provided a list of different entertainments and services provide through a number of different mediums. The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), which came into existence in October 1922, however, the channel, which we are discussing in this report BBC One, was on aired on 2, November 1936 as the Flagship Channel of BBC. It was observed as the very first television channel rendering services to the audience in high resolution (Gray & Bell, 2013). The channel was renamed as BBC TV in 1960, until 1997 when it was again renamed to BBC One. Charlotte Moore is the present channel controller for BBC One since June 2013. The Channel because of its uninterrupted broadcasting of programs enjoys a variety of the audience in UK. There are different sister channels to BBC One including BBC Two, Three, Four, News, and BBC

HCM621-0804A-01 Ethics, Policy, and Law in Health Care Management - Essay - 2

HCM621-0804A-01 Ethics, Policy, and Law in Health Care Management - Phase 1 Discussion Board 2 - Essay Example JCAHO is an independent, nonprofit organization and they carry out quality assessments at 5,000 US hospitals and 6,000 US health care facilities every three years. (AmericanHospital.com, 2008) It would be in the invested owner’s best interest to attain accreditation regardless because any reimbursement from government entities such as Medicare or Medicaid will still require regulation of care. It also gives a certain feeling of trust to know that the hospital has passed stringent rules on healthcare. The for-profit corporation is liable for any fiscal or legal issues, and not an individual. As a for-profit organization, the hospitals best interests are usually managed by board of directors and act in the interest of shareholders (if stocks are issued) or the invested owners. A big advantage of for-profit health care is their ability to respond to the demands of patients and employers. â€Å"†¦a large, nonprofit, staff-model health plan grew rapidly in southern California in the late 1960s and early 1970s as a result of affordable prices, its leaders froze enrollment for several years because of limited capacity. A competitively driven, for-profit, publicly traded organization would have found new capital and expanded its capacity to meet the needs of consumers.† (Hasan, 1996). Taking care of patients in private practice without the risk of influence from a government entity allows doctors and hospital partners design and manage the best quality delivery system they can assemble. Interestingly enough a for-profit hospital can receive Medicare subsidies (with proper accreditation), increasing their ability to profit. But the disadvantage to the for-profit is deeper scrutiny from the public and media for corporate financial scandals. Another disadvantage is that to retain quality medical care (i.e. trained doctors) the total costs are higher. (Woolhandler,

Youtility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Youtility - Essay Example This discussion declares that the biggest catastrophe that a business would cast upon itself is to assume that Youtility is a one-off project when it is in truth a process. The reason behind this assertion is that customers have a continued need for change in ideas over time. The fact that technology is growing and developing every now and then means that companies have to keep changing and improving their products at all times. Companies and businesses must adjust to, and keep up with, the changing preferences among their customer base if they harbor any dreams of success. Therefore, Youtility is an infinite process driven by customers’ desire for new and improved ways of making their lifestyles better.From this study it is clear that the measurement of Youtility can start with the number of users of the Youtility process within its application scope. Next, the frequency of forwarding the information is measured so that the needs of the customers can be met. Thirdly, a measur e of the number of people that are willing to buy the product and that of how many are willing to learn more is calculated. Lastly, the actual impact of Youtility on the revenue is then ascertained. The reason for these measurements is primarily to gauge and ascertain the effectiveness of the Youtility process. By so doing, the company is able to make adjustments where weaknesses arise.  Youtility is a primary driver of success within companies and businesses because of its ability to attract customers even where they seemed not to exist.

BI POLAR DISORDER Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BI POLAR DISORDER - Research Paper Example Bipolar disorder (Kessler, Berglund, Demler , Jin, Merikangas and Walters, 2005) usually develops in the late teens or in the stage of a person's early adult years, whereby at least half of the entire cases start prior to age 25. In addition, this illness is common, in fact, approximately three percent (3%) or 10 million adults (affecting both men and women) in the US population have bipolar disorder (The National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2008). Categories of Bipolar Disorder The National Institute for Health (2009) characterized Bipolar Disorder into four basic types : First is the Bipolar I Disorder, which is mainly defined by episodes of manic or mixed episodes and last at least seven days; in severe cases, the person needs immediate hospital care; Second, the Bipolar II Disorder which is defined by episodes of pattern of depressive shifting back and forth jointly with hypomanic episodes, however, no full-blown Bipolar disorder 3 manic or of mixed episodes; Third is the Bipolar Disorder which is â€Å"Not Otherwise Specified† (BP-NOS), diagnosed if a person's illness has symptoms that do not match with diagnostic criteria (whetherr bipolar I or II); Fourth is the Cyclothymic Disorder, or Cyclothymia, manifested by a mild form of bipolar disorder. In this type of condition, patients exhibit cyclothymia (episodes of hypomania) that shift back and forth together with mild depression around two years. Signs and Symptoms of Illness There is no absolute cause of bipolar disorder, however, most scientists believe that this illness is likely caused by multiple factors, which interact with each other in order to produce a chemical imbalance and affecting some parts of the brain. Most experts also say, Bipolar disorder usually runs in families; and studies suggest that there must be a genetic component to the disorder. Moreover, the first episode is usually trigger by a stressful event, such as difficult relationship or financial problems,unexpected loss, ch ronic illness, or any major change in life. Therefore, an individual’s coping strategies of handling stress may play essential role in the development of symptoms (The National Institute for Health, 2009). In some instances, drug abuse can trigger the disorder. Living in a stressful life situations also may lead to sleep loss or changes in one’s schedule can also contribute to the onset as well as, recurrence of depression and mania (The National Alliance on Mental Illness, 2008). According to New York State Office of Mental Health (2008), the periods of highs and lows are known as episodes of mania and depression. The Signs and symptoms of manic episode include: Restlessness, increased energy, excessively â€Å"high,† overly good, euphoric mood, little sleep needed, extreme irritability, racing thoughts and talking very fast, Bipolar disorder 4 inability to concentrate, distractibility, poor judgment, unrealistic beliefs in one’s abilities, increased sex ual drive, spending sprees, intrusive, provocative or aggressive behavior, lasting period of behavior usually different from usual, denial that anything is wrong and abuse of drugs, particularly alcohol, cocaine, and sleeping medications.

How reliable is the Hypervisor Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

How reliable is the Hypervisor - Dissertation Example Each of the ports can be customized to function in the manner desired by the user to suit the requirements intended. In the virtual networks, the vSphere standard switch functions as the physical Ethernet switch. It senses the virtual PCs appropriately linked to every virtual port and uses the signals to control the network. The hypervisor technology of VMware vSphere 5 serves a significant function in the management of the virtual network systems. The invention of bare-metal VMware ESX in 2001 extensively improved the effectiveness and reliability of networks, which in turn drew several users into the application of the technology in generating virtual technology. The hypervisor has raised the standards for security and efficiency of virtual networking systems due to its magnificent performance. ESXi can be integrated in several network application to facilitate improvement of quality in service provision and to increase the centralized of administration services. This paper outline s the creation of a virtual network using Vmware ESXI 5 and installed in three OSs; Windows 7, Windows xp 32-bit and 64-bit in a real scenario. It also outlines the security hardening of the hypervisor using various security measures including nmap software. The paper further outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the Vmware ESXI 5 by conducting a SWOT analysis of the virtual network created. 4 Chapter 1 5 1.1Introduction 5 VMware maintains the leading position as the supplier virtualization solution via their vSphere suite of services founded on the ESXi hypervisor (VCRITICAL, 2010). The fifth edition of the product is the most useful of all because it provides the user with the most remarkable service that one can imagine. Although the software is offered free without any restrictions or limitations, users are required to login into VMware website and register to acquire a license key to download, install and activate the product. The new ESXi has several features, which giv e its users a wonderful experience in their applications. One should consider a few issues before installing the software. One of the issues is whether the hardware is compatible with the product and sufficient to run the product and whether the OS installed in the PC is adequate to run it. It is thus necessary to consider the hardware requirements for this product because it is critical towards the running of the product. The VMware ESXi when installed in a system hardware, provides a strong virtualization experience between the hardware and the OS. ESXi normally divides a physical server into several protected and moveable virtual systems that can operate alongside each other on the one physical server. Every virtual system stands for a whole system composed of processors, RAM, networking and BIOS in such a manner that an OS and software features can be set up and operated in the virtual system without any customization (VCRITICAL, 2010). Virtual systems are also entirely separate d from one another by the virtualization cover thus avoiding a situation where a malfunction of one of them distresses the others. The distribution of physical server essentials among several virtual systems enhances hardware use and surprisingly cuts on the operational expenses. The virtual networking ability of the ESXi enable users to create multifarious networks among virtual systems linked to one host or

Community Development Essay Example for Free

Community Development Essay Achieving gender equality and empowering women are necessary to achieve social, economic and political development. Today, girls and women continue to benefit from health and education services with women surpassing men in enrolment and academic achievements in many situations. Women in Malaysia are also more actively involved today in politics and numerous other national initiatives. Malaysia’s commitment and dedication to the advancement of women is evident in many of its programs and policies in the last two decades. In 1985, the Government of Malaysia formulated the National Policy on Women as a guide for women’s participation in the development process. The Policy helps enhance women’s quality of life by overcoming challenges through poverty eradication and education. The stature of women became a primary objective of the 6th Malaysia Plan (1991 – 1995), where a special fund for the development of women became a significant and integral step towards empowering women in Malaysia. Subsequent Malaysia Plans continue to focus on the needs of women with recommendations to advance their position in society. By agreeing to the commitments set forth in the Beijing Platform for Action at the UN Fourth World Conference on Women (1995), the Government promised to 1) enhance the national machinery for womens advancement; 2) increase womens participation in decision-making; 3) safeguard womens rights to health, education and social well being and 4) remove legal obstacles and gender discriminatory practices. In 1995, the Government also ratified the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women(CEDAW). In 2001, the Government created the Ministry of Women and Family Development with a mandate to address issues on women and uplift the stature of women in the country. Malaysia’s Constitution was amended in August 2001 to prohibit discrimination in any law on the basis of gender. The Government continues to play a crucial and supportive role in achieving greater gender equality in the country, by providing a healthy environment for the advancement of women at both national and international arenas. The Ministry of Women, Family and Community Development which is responsible for addressing women’s issues in Malaysia has had its budget increase from RM 1.8 million (US$ 0.5 million) in 2001 to RM 30.5 million (US$ 8.6 million) in 2005, demonstrating the country’s serious commitment to the cause. Future challenges to be considered include: addressing the continued poverty among female-headed households; combating violence against women; raising the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming strategies; reducing women’s risk of contracting HIV; removing attitudinal challenges that impact capacity-building; and raising the level of women’s participation in the labour force, in business and in politics and government. KPWKM is headed by a Minister, currently held by Datuk Seri Shahrizat Abdul Jalil (UMNO). She is assisted by a Deputy Minister, currently held by Senator Heng Seai Kie (MCA). The following departments and agencies are under the purview of the KPWKM: * Department for Womens Development  In 1975, the Government set up the National Advisory Council on the Integration of Women in Development (NACIWID) as the machinery to ensure the involvement of women in development. In 1983, the Secretariat for Womens Affairs (HAWA) in the Prime Ministers Department was established to take over the tasks of the NACIWID Secretariat. From 1997, HAWA functioned as a department under the former Ministry of National Unity and Social Development. In 2001, the Department was placed under the then newly established KPWKM and restructured as the Department for Womens Development (DWD). By 2002, the DWD had set up branch offices in every state in Malaysia.[7] * Social Welfare Department  Initially set up in 1946 as the Community Welfare Department of Malaya, the Social Welfare Department (SWD) has evolved in fulfilling its role in national development. From initially being involved in mitigating the social problems brought about by the immediate post-war period, the role and functions of this department have expanded to cover prevention and rehabilitation services in social issues as well as community development.[8] * National Population and Family Development Board  The National Population and Family Development Board (NPFDB) was established in 1966 to improve the reproductive health status of women and men and encourage family planning. It has since evolved to include policy and advisory roles by assisting planners and programme managers to integrate population and family development into sectoral development programme planning as well as facilitate policy makers to consider population and family development factors in the formulation of national development policies and strategies.[9] * Social Institute of Malaysia  The Social Institute of Malaysia was set up to promote professional and semi-professional training in the field of training and research as well as social education to all social workers from various levels and groups from within and outside the country including non-governmental organizations. It currently operates from a 50-acre (200,000 m2) campus in Sungai Besi that was completed in 2001.

Installation Of Storage Tanks Construction Essay

Installation Of Storage Tanks Construction Essay The proposal contains the detailed scope of works on various discipline of the tender, procedures developed for execution of Storage tank construction of the project Construction of Oil Terminal, the purpose of this technical proposal is to provide clear direction in the form of procedures, controls and administration practices in order that the services provided by contractor are in accordance with the tender and contractual requirements and in accordance with CGL internal quality systems and procedures. The intent of this document is also to communicate the execution strategy to all concerned. Proposal Purpose : This proposal sets out the scope, programme and terms to provide a single window service, with all the expertise and technical competence for the entire work related to the storage tank construction as given below. Design and engineering Procurement of materials for the tanks Fabrication Field erection , welding and testing Surface preparation , painting Assistance during Pre commissioning, commissioning and training All the works shall be carried out as for the completeness of the project. This proposal is in accordance with the engineering specifications, drawings, all the statutory regulations and international codes and standards have been considered in our proposal for this Job. Basis of offer Proposal is based on tender enquiry, data sheets, specifications, drawings issued as the tender documents. Validity This proposal will be valid for acceptance within 60 days from the date of commercial tender submission any further extension on proposal validity shall be subject to mutual agreement between the client and contractor. B. Detailed Scope of Works 1 Proposed List of Tanks Sr. No Tank Tag no Product Type Qty (Nos.) Capacity m3 Size in Meter Diameter Height 1 T-2011/2012 Gas oil / UGL EFR (single deck ) 2 750 11.5 8.5 2 V-4011 Jet A1 Horizontal 1 10 2 3 3 TF-T-2005 ULG 98 EFR (single deck ) 1 5000 22.5 15 4 V-2011 ULG 91/95/98 Horizontal 1 10 2 3 5 T-7001/T-7002 Firewater CS Dome 2 6500 22.5 19 6 TF-T-2003/2004 ULG 95 EFR (single deck ) 2 20000 36 22 7 V-1011 Gas oil Horizontal 1 10 2 3 8 TF-T-1001/1002/1003 Gas oil EFR (single deck ) 3 20000 36 22 9 TF-T-2001/2002 ULG 91 EFR (single deck) 2 20000 36 22 10 T-5001/5002/5003/5004 Jet A1 CS Dome 4 24000 41 22 2. Scope of Supply and Works 2.1 Scope of Supply All permanent material for tanks such as Plate Materials, nozzles manholes, wind girder and stiffener etc. required for the tanks. Internal External floating roof, Floating roof Seal, all the permanent accessories of the Floating roof. Internal and external accessories indicated on data sheet Clips for platform/ladder/pipe support directly welded on tank body. Bolts/nuts, clamps, gaskets for internal Blind flanges together with bolts/nuts and gaskets for blinded nozzles and manholes Davits and/or hinge for manholes. Vortex breaker (if required). Platforms, spiral stairway with handrails, roof handrail. Internal pipe with support Breather valves/ emergency drain / Rim vents and gauge hatch (if required). Name plates with bracket Earth bosses or lugs Settlement check lugs Support clip for firewater and Foam system piping connected to the tank. Surface preparation and Painting material for equipment Test plate for PQT and WPQT Spare parts of gasket and B/N for construction and pre-commissioning. Construction Equipments Electricity for construction.(fabrication and erection ) Heavy equipment, all machineries and other facilities for construction Welding rods, grinding wheels, cutting gases and other Miscellaneous Consumables for construction All the NDT equipments for testing and inspection Hydraulic Jacks Power Pack for the tank erection Pumps temporary pipes and fittings for hydro testing Tools and jigs including scaffolding for construction Consumable material for erection Blind flanges together with bolts/nuts and proper gaskets for hydrostatic test Corrosion inhibitor for hydrostatic test (if required) Direct and Indirect Manpower Dedicated design and drafting item for the project. Dedicated Construction management team at site Dedicated project management at Office Supervisory staff for Fabrication and erection QA/ QC personnel for testing and inspection Safety and EHS officers a site Skilled, semi skilled and unskilled man power for the fabrication and erection and testing at site 2.2 Scope of Work Mechanical design (strength calculation and detail design) Loading data for tank foundation design. Manufacturing drawings Documentations (procedure fabrication construction, ITP and others) Submission of as-built documents and drawings Material procurement Shop fabrication Packing list (packing volume, size weight, etc) Packing and inland transportation of shop fabricated components. Unloading of materials at site PWHT for 1st course shell with nozzles as per code requirement. Hydro-test and water drainage as broom clean condition after hydro-test and drying Settlement checking during hydrostatic test Temporary work of utility for construction and test Site construction Inter connecting walkway between tanks. Inspection test at shop and test. Surface preparation and painting for exterior surface as per specification. Internal Coating as per spec Hot dip galvanizing of tank handrails and staircase Project management and control Third party inspection agency review Attending the meeting with client and consultant Over all construction management of storage tank package Documentation for government approvals if any Mechanical guarantee Other activities to meet requirements of inquiry 2.3 Out of Scope of Supply Work Tank foundation and civil works Oil Pass required for the site crew and staff. Electrical, Instrumentation accessories Process Piping, Plant piping, inter connecting pipes between tanks. Cabling (including earth cable) and wiring materials. Supply of anchor bolts (if required)/ Grouting for tank bottom All kinds of valves including shut-off valves for draw-off sumps and external piping. Companion flanges and bolts/nuts Pumps , Heaters , Hearting coils if any Insulation material and work (if required) Fire protection material and work Customs clearance and taxes duties if any Government permit and approval (for local regulation) Tank Gauge (Radar Type) Level instruments (High Low) and transmitters All kind of instrumentation and Electrical works Lightning protection if any , Earthing 2.4 Facilities to be provided by Client Oil passes for our crew and staff. Adequate space for the Lay down area in the vicinity of site Adequate space for the fabrication and painting yard in the vicinity of site(if space is not provided we will fabricate Prime the tank plates at our fabrication shop in Dubai and transport it to sites for erection ) Site office for our staff Rest room facilities for our crew C. Project Execution Design and detail engineering : Contractor In house Fabrication and shop priming: At site(if fabrication area is available) If no area is available at site, then fabrication will be done at our fabrication shop Erection at site: Contractor In house team Surface preparation and painting through reputed sub contractors. Typical Project Execution Plan Project execution plan organization Contractor formal role in the project implementation will commence from the signing of the Agreement between the Client and Contractor. However, the effective participation of the contractor will start from the date of receipt of letter of intent (LOI) and the project kick off meeting, where project scope and basis will be formally agreed. Contractors Organization Charts The Contractor will appoint a Project Manager to take total charges of scope of work for which they are responsible. The structure is shown in the organization charts. 1.2 Overall Project Execution The Project Manager and his team are the primary interface point between the Contractor and Client. It is via this interface that all the day-to-day correspondence passes and project report are issued. The Project Manager with his team oversees the contractors scope of work. The projects coordinator is responsible for the coordination between Client, Engineering, Procurement, Fabrication and the Site Operation. As soon as LOI is issued internal Kick-off meeting will be held to firm up the project procedures. In order the successfully achieve its objective the Project Manager issues the Project Dossier detailing the interface between Contractor and the Client. It sets out the detailed working method to be employed by them though all phases of the job. With the co-ordination procedure the project schedule and methods of measuring progress and controlling the work are also issued. Inventory Procedure Quality Control Shipping Procedure and Forecast Field Project Control Procedure Field Safety Procedure Change Order Procedure. 1.3 Design and Engineering The Client has given the basic design. The detailed design for Contractor (in house) will carry out the project 2. Procurement Sub- contracting Contractor will prepare material requisition for all plant, equipment and materials and the Procurement in-charge shall manage the procurement and sub contracting. He will establish the procurement plan, identifying the finite list of requisition to be issued by the engineering groups, to start procurement cycle. Contractor will issue enquiries and obtain offers. Purchase orders will be placed by the contractor on vendors approved by Client, offering best Techno-commercial terms. A list of critical long lead items will be established including long lead item and those critical to programs. Special monitoring of these items will be carried out to ensure timely delivery. Procurement service offered by the contractor will include bid evaluation, arranging vendor coordination meetings, selection, placement of purchase orders, amendment of purchase order and modified if necessary, to reflect any specific requirements of the specific order. 3. Construction Contractors Construction group will supervise the construction to be carried out in a phased manner. It will be responsible for field inspection, material and inventory control and logistics for timely executing of the project. Contractors Project Manager will ensure quality and schedule so that the construction is done as per the detailed design/engineering document prepared by Client and within agreed time frame. 4. Pre-commissioning and commissioning The Commissioning Group headed by the Commissioning Engineer of the contractor will direct and supervise to provide the necessary assistance to the pre-commissioning and commissioning activities of Client. Project in co-ordination with the Commissioning in-charge of Main contractor/consultant. The major activities of this group will include: Check plant units for mechanical completion at size. Prepare pre-commissioning programme to assign priorities during final stage of counteraction work. Planning and scheduling of plant start up activities. Co-ordinate and supervise the start up of the plant. Main contractor/consultant shall conduct process guarantee test turns. 5. Project scheduled, control and reporting Contractors system of project planning scheduling and monitoring is designed to provide comprehensive planning services to the project management team. This system is instrumental in devising realistic schedules establishing checkpoints, keeping overall watch on the progress, deviation from schedules, pinpointing the problem and recommending areas of corrective actions. The details are given below: 6. Planning Scheduling 6.1 Proposed Schedule and overall project schedule The proposed project schedule is submitted along with this proposal. This indicates the project starts date, end date and major milestones of the project the proposed schedule is prepared in the form of bar chart schedule. On award of the control, the proposed schedule is converted into an overall project schedule in the form of squared PERT network on time scale. This network includes overall engineering, procurement and construction duration as well as critical and near critical items for each system. This overall schedule forms the basis for execution of the contract and is used for corporate project review. 6.2 Master Network For project control, master network is prepared for the project, master network is updated internally every month, this is revised if (i) The overall project schedule is revised, (ii) There is a major change in the scope of work, (iii) unforeseen events beyond contractors control. The master network forms the basis for detailed scheduling and project control. 6.3 Function Schedules At the level of the executing departments, functional schedules are prepared for all functions, viz. process, residual engineering, ordering and delivery. Standard Networks for various functions are used for sequencing various activities in the schedules. These schedules are also used for scheduling projects physical progress and its measurement. 6.4 Key Construction Network This network is delivered from master network. This is made, work area wise, on time scale The number of networks to be prepared depends upon the workload into which the plant is divided. These networks are prepared at a time when engineering and procurement activities have sufficiently advanced and construction activities are about to begin or major milestones such as deliveries of equipments at site, start and completion of civil works, mechanical erection etc., are about to be achieved. 6.5 Reports Basically, three types of reports are produced. First type of report contains activities to be performed in next two months and is known as Activity List. Second type of reports gives the status of drawings, materials, etc. and is named Status Report, which highlights the deviations and exceptions and immediate actions. The Third Type of Reports is the one, which summarize progress report at various time intervals. 6.6 Monthly Progress Report Monthly progress report is basically meant for Client. This report gives a comprehensive coverage of engineering, procurement and construction activities carried out during the month under review. The monthly report apprises the Client of the progress of the project and holds up if an in achieving the progress. The report contains the following information: Overall progress statistics Status of milestones List of problems/hold ups Functional progress curves Quantitative status report for equipment Detailed status of construction D. Work Breakdown Structure E. Bar Chart (Project Schedule) Please Refer Annexure I Project Organization Chart G. Man Power Deployment Schedule H. Construction Equipment Deployment Schedule List of Proposed Vendors and Suppliers Sr No Description Supplier Origin 1 Carbon Steel Plates Corus European(West / East) For tanks Arcelor Mills European(West / East) Posco Korea Dongkuk steel Korea Duffer co Belgium Dillinger Hutte Germany Nippon steel Japan Stemcor South Africa Sumittomo Japan 2 Carbon Steel Pipes Dalmine Spa Italy Manses man Brazil / Germany Nippon steel Japan NKK steel Japan Kawasaki Japan NSC Japan Hyundai pipes Korea Korea pipes Korea 3 Carbon Steel Pipe Benkan corp Korea Fittings Awaji sangayo Corp Japan BKL UK BKL Thailand OMR Italy Techno forge Italy Tect tubi Italy Vanleeuwen Holland 4 Flanges Bebitiz Germany FAD flange Italy Geldbech Germany Korea flange Korea 5 Floating Roof seal Ultra float USA Korea Flot Korea HMT USA CTS Nether land 6 Paint International Paint Jotun Hempel Sigma Responsibility Matrix SR.NO DESCRIPTION Division of Responsibility (subcontractor) (Main Contractor) A ADMINISTRATION 1 Visa/work Permit à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Accommodation à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Food à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Transportation à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Site first Aid Facilities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ B TAXES DUTIES / INSURANCES 1 WCP Insurance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Automobile Insurance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Captial machinery insurance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Contractor All Risk Erection Policy à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ C FACILITIES 1 Laydown yard / Fabrication Yard à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Stores à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Site office facilities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Worker rest room toilets à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Parking Spaces for Vehicles à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Drinking water Portable water à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Electricity for site office and rest room à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 8 Electricity for Fabrication à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 9 Blasting and Painting Facilities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 10 Carbagge Disposal à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 11 Hazardous Mateial Disposal à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 12 Removal of Construction Debris à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 13 Electricity for Site Construction à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 14 Safety Interface with Client à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 15 Personal Protection Equipments à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ D DESIGN ENGINEERING 1 Design à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Engineering à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Detailed drawings à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Support details à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Structural Drawings à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Asbuilt Drawings à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ E PROCUREMENT SUPPLY 1 Direct Material (Plates for shell bottom and roof, Structural for stairway, roof handrail and roof structures) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Consumables à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Gaskets / Bolt / Nuts for hydro testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Permanent Gasket/Bolt/Nuts à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 All Galvanized items for platform/stairway etc à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 All tank mounting appurtenances and Instruments à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Material unloading at site à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ F Plant Machinery At Site 1 Crane à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Hydra Crane à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Fork Lift à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Rolling Machine à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Welding Machine à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Generators à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Hydraulic Jacks System (Jacks, power packs, hoses, accessories etc.) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 8 Tools such Grinding, cutting ,beveling Etc à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ G PRE FABRICATION 1 Plate cutting Edge preparation (Shell, Roof, Bottom Annular) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Sand Blasting and Painting of internal and external surfaces of tank as per client approved Painting procedure. à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Shell plate rolling à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Nozzles Manway Neck Rolling à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Sump Plate Rolling, Welding External painting à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Roof Structure and Floating Deck prefabrication à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ H CONSTRUCTION 1 Civil work à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Instrumentation à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Tank Insulation à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Scaffolding for Erection and painting, if any à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Tank Erection -Bottom ,Annular, Shell, Roof, Roof Structure, Floating Deck , shell Roof Nozzles Man way, Sump à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Painting Jobs as per client approved procedure à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Meeting Clients construction Schedule à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ I TESTING 1 Liquid Penetrent Testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 Magnetic Partical Testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Radiographic Testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Ultrosonic Testing if any à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Post Weld Heat Treatment if any à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Facilities for Hydro-testing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 7 Water for Hydro Test à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 8 Drain point for hydro-tested water near to tank bottom (Max 250 M) à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 9 Dewatering Drying à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 10 Tank Calibration à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ J HANDING OVER 1 Punch list à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 RT film Submission à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 AS Built Drawing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Final Dossier submission à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 5 Pre commissioning assistance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 6 Commissioning assistance à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ K GENERAL 1 Third Party Inspection Costs à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 2 All the approvals from Local authorities à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 3 Necessary gate passes / permits to carry-out our works à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ 4 Coordination with Client à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡ Project Estimation Summary Sr.No. DESCRIPTION QTY. Unit Rate Amount I PRELIMINARIES Mobilization of Manpower/Equipment 1 70,000 70,000 Establishment of site facilities 1 200,000 200,000 Insurance 1 200,000 200,000 Demobilization of Manpower/Equipment 1 70,000 70,000 Design/Engineering 1 80,000 80,000 Documentation 1 30,000 30,000 Sub Total AED 650,000 II PROCUREMENT Steel Plates( A 537 Cl.1 ) 3,363 2,931 9,856,953 Steel Plates( A 36 ) 2,258 2,488 5,617,904 Structural 96 2,800 268,800 Pipes Fittings/Flanges 1 510,000 510,000 Fasteners 8 7,000 56,000 Aluminium Dome 1 7,000,000 7,000,000 Hatch / Accessories 1 Jet Mixer + Misc 8 Galvanizing 8 5,000 40,000 Stairway Steps 8 16,500 132,000 Sub Total AED 23,481,657 III CONSTRUCTION Sub-Contract 5,450 1,000 5,450,000 Consumables 1 100,000 100,000 Safety Equipments 1 398,200 398,200 Salary for Staff 1 500,000 500,000 Wages for Fabrication Crew 1 Wages for Erection Crew 1 Equipments ( Hire) 1 1,661,000 1,661,000 Equipments ( Purchase ) 1 600,000 600,000 Mobilization of Pre fabricated material to site 1 320,000 320,000 Scaffolding Erection Tools tackles 1 42,000 42,000 Fuel 1 617,400 617,400 Freight, Visa ,Food Accommodation for Crew 2,663,200 2,663,200 Testing Requirement 1 Site Communication/Stationary/Utilities 1 Office Communication/Stationary 1 Heating Nitrogen Coil 1 3,849,468 3,849,468 Sub Total AED 10,751,268 IV SUB-CONTRACT Civil Foundation Misc. Works 1 8,389,450 8,389,450 Civil Design 1 Soil Improvement 1 Reduce backfilling (1 M) 1 Surface Preparation Painting 1 2,476,700 2,476,700 Belzona application 1 NDT works 1 1,150,000 1,150,000 Third Party Inspection 1 150,000 150,000 Calibration 1 64,000 64,000 Hydro Test 1 200,000 200,000 Sub Total AED 12,430,150 V OTHERS BG Charges 100,000 Finance Charges 150,000 Commission to Agents